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1.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 36(4): 408-415, aug. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-223559

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Evaluar y comparar la capacidad del lactato y del quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) para predecir mortalidad a 30 días en los pacientes que acuden al servicio de urgencias (SU) por un episodio de sospecha de infección.Método. Estudio observacional de cohortes, multicéntrico, prospectivo. Se incluyó por oportunidad a pacientes ≥18 años atendidos por sospecha de infección en 71 SU españoles del 01/10/2019 al 31/03/2020. Se analizó la capacidad predictiva con el área bajo la curva (ABC) de la característica operativa del receptor (COR) y los valores de sensibilidad (Se), especificidad (Es), valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y negativo (VPN). Resultados. Se incluyeron 4.439 pacientes con edad media de 67 (DE:18) años, 2.648 (59,7%) fueron hombres y fallecieron a los 30 días 459 (10,3%). Para la mortalidad a 30 días el ABC-COR obtenida con el modelo qSOFA=1 más lactato 2 mmol/l fue de 0,66 (IC 95%: 0,63-0,69) con una Se:68%, Es:70% y VPN:92%, mientras que qSOFA=1 obtuvo ABC-COR de 0,52 (IC 9%: 0,49-0,55) con una Se:42%, Es:64% y VPN:90%.Conclusiones. Para predecir mortalidad a los 30 días en los pacientes que acuden al SU por un episodio de infección, el modelo qSOFA=1 + lactato≥2 mmol/L mejora significativamente el poder predictivo conseguido de forma individual por qSOFA1 y llega a ser muy similiar al de qSOFA≥2 (AU)


Objectives. To evaluate lactate and the Quick Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) and compare their ability to predict 30-day mortality in patients treated for infection in emergency departments (ED). Methods. Prospective multicenter observational cohort study. We enrolled a convenience sample of patients aged 18 years or older attended in 71 Spanish ED from October 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020. Each model’s predictive power was analyzed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and its values of sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative (NPV). Results. A total of 4439 patients with a mean (SD) age of 18 years were studied; 2648 (59.7%) were men and 459 (10.3%) died within 30 days. For 30-day mortality, the AUC-COR obtained with the qSOFA = 1 model plus 2 mmol/l lactate was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.63-0.69) with Se: 68%, Es: 70% and NPV:92%, while qSOFA = 1 obtained AUC-COR of 0.52 (95% CI, 0.49-0.55) with a Se:42%, Es:64% and NPV:90%. Conclusions. To predict 30-day mortality in patients presenting to the ED due to an episode of infection, the qSOFA =1 + lactate≥2 mmol/L model significantly improves the predictive power achieved individually by qSOFA1 and becomes very similar to qSOFA≥2 (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Emergency Service, Hospital , Sepsis/blood , Sepsis/mortality , Lactic Acid/blood , Prospective Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Prognosis , Organ Dysfunction Scores
2.
Emergencias ; 35(1): 53-64, 2023 02.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36756917

ABSTRACT

TEXT: The Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) published a 2021 update of its 2016 recommendations. The update was awaited with great anticipation the world over, especially by emergency physicians. Under the framework of the CIMU 2022 (33rd World Emergency Medicine Conference) in Guadalajara, Mexico in March, emergency physiciansreviewed and analyzed the 2021 SSC guidelines from our specialty's point of view. In this article, the expert reviewers present their consensus on certain key points of most interest in emergency settings at this time. The main aims of the review are to present constructive comments on 10 key points and/or recommendations in the SSC 2021 update and to offer emergency physicians' experience- and evidence-based proposals. Secondarily, the review's recommendations are a starting point for guidelines to detect severe sepsis in emergency department patients and prevent progression, which is ultimate goal of what has become known as the Guadalajara Declaration on sepsis.


TEXTO: En noviembre del año 2021, la Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) publicó una actualización de sus recomendaciones y directrices de 2016. Estas fueron recibidas con una enorme expectativa en todo el mundo, especialmente entre los médicos de urgencias y emergencias (MUE). Recientemente, en el marco del CIMU 2022 (33 Congreso Mundial de Medicina de Urgencias celebrado en marzo de 2022 en Guadalajara ­ México) se ha revisado y analizado, desde la perspectiva del MUE, la Guía SSC de 2021. Los expertos que realizaron esa tarea y también consensuaron algunos de los puntos clave que más interesan y preocupan a los MUE en la actualidad han elaborado este documento. Su objetivo principal es analizar de forma constructiva diez de los puntos clave y recomendaciones de la SSC 2021 para complementarlas con argumentos y propuestas desde la experiencia, evidencia y perspectiva del urgenciólogo. Además, de forma secundaria, pretende ser el punto de partida de la elaboración de las guías para detectar, prevenir la progresión y atender a los pacientes con infección grave y sepsis en urgencias, que supone la meta final de lo que desde la MUE ya se conoce como "la Declaración de Guadalajara".


Subject(s)
Emergency Medicine , Physicians , Sepsis , Humans , Sepsis/diagnosis , Sepsis/therapy , Emergency Service, Hospital
3.
Emergencias ; 34(5): 406-407, 2022 Oct.
Article in Spanish, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36217941
5.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 35(4): 344-356, ag. - sept. 2022. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-205380

ABSTRACT

La atención de pacientes con sospecha de un proceso infeccioso en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios(SUH) se haincrementado en la última década hasta suponer alrededor del15-20% de todas las atenciones diarias. En la valoración inicialde estos enfermos se toman muestras para los distintos estudios microbiológicos en un 45% de los casos, donde predomina la obtención de hemocultivos (HC), en el 14,6% de todosellos. La rentabilidad diagnóstica de estos HC es muy variable(2-20%). Los focos o procesos infecciosos más frecuentes sospechados o confirmados de las bacteriemias verdaderas(BV) enlos SUH son la infección del tracto urinario (45%) y la infecciónrespiratoria (25%). Por todo ello, la sospecha y confirmaciónde la BV tiene un relevante significado diagnóstico, pronósticoy obliga a cambiar algunas de las decisiones más importantesa tomar en el SUH. Entre otras, indicar el alta o ingreso, extraer HC y administrar el antimicrobiano adecuado y precoz.La intención de esta revisión es poner de manifiesto las evidencias científicas publicadas en los últimos cinco años, aclararlas controversias existentes actuales y comparar la capacidadpara predecir bacteriemia de los últimos modelos predictivospublicados desde el año 2017 con los ya existentes en esa fecha, año en el que se publicó una revisión que dejaba abierta lapropuesta de seguir buscando un modelo con un rendimientoadecuado para los SUH. Y así, a partir de ella, generar distintasrecomendaciones que ayuden a definir el papel que pueden tener estos modelos o escalas en la mejora de la indicación deobtención de los HC, así como en la toma inmediata de otrasdecisiones diagnóstico-terapéuticas (administración precozy adecuada del tratamiento antibiótico, solicitud de estudios complementarios y otras muestras microbiológicas, intensidaddel soporte hemodinámico, necesidad de ingreso, etc.) (AU)


The care of patients with a suspected infectious processin hospital emergency department (ED) has increased in thelast decade to account for around 15-20% of all daily care.In the initial evaluation of these patients, samples are takenfor the different microbiological studies in 45% of the cases,where obtaining blood cultures (BC) predominates, in 14.6%of all of them. The diagnostic yield of these BC is highly variable (2-20%). The most frequent suspected or confirmed focior infectious processes of true bacteremia (TB) in the ED areurinary tract infection (45%) and respiratory infection (25%).For all these reasons, the suspicion and confirmation of TB hasa relevant diagnostic and prognostic significance and requireschanging some of the most important decisions to be made inthe ED. Among others, indicate discharge or admission, extractBC and administer the appropriate and early antimicrobial. Theintention of this review is to highlight the scientific evidencepublished in the last five years, clarify the current controversies and compare the ability to predict bacteremia of the latest predictive models published since 2017 with those alreadyexisting on that date, year in which a review was publishedthat left open the proposal to continue searching for a modelwith adequate performance for ED. And so, based on it, generate different recommendations that help define the role thatthese models or scales can have in improving the indicationfor obtaining BC, as well as in the immediate making of otherdiagnostic-therapeutic decisions (administration early andappropriate antibiotic treatment, request for complementary studies and other microbiological samples, intensity of hemodynamic support, need for admission, etc.) (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteremia , Emergency Service, Hospital , Infections , Infections/diagnosis , Infections/drug therapy , Biomarkers , Blood Culture
6.
Emergencias ; 34(3): 181-189, 2022 06.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35736522

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate lactate, procalcitonin, criteria defining systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and the Quick Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) and compare their ability to predict 30-day mortality, infection with microbiologic confirmation, and true bacteremia in patients treated for infection in hospital emergency departments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective multicenter observational cohort study. We enrolled a convenience sample of patients aged 18 years or older attended in 71 Spanish emergency departments from October 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020. Each model's predictive power was analyzed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and predetermined decision points were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 4439 patients with a mean (SD) age of 18 years were studied; 2648 (59.7%) were men and 459 (10.3%) died within 30 days. True bacteremia was detected in 899 (20.25%), and microbiologic confirmation was on record for 2057 (46.3%). The model that included the qSOFA score (2) and lactate concentration (0.738 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.711-0.765 mmol/L) proved to be the best predictor of 30-day mortality, with an AUC of 0.890 (95% CI, 0.880-0.901). The model that included the SIRS score (2) and procalcitonin concentration (0.51 ng/mL) proved to be the best predictor of true bacteremia and microbiologic confirmation, with an AUC of 0.713 (95% CI, 0.698-0.728). CONCLUSION: A qSOFA score of 2 or more plus lactate concentration (0.738 mmol/L) predict 30-day mortality better than the combination of a SIRS score of 2 or more and procalcitonin concentration. A SIRS score of 2 or more plus procalcitonin concentration (0.51 ng/mL) predict true bacteremia and microbiologic confirmation.


OBJETIVO: Evaluar y comparar la capacidad del lactato, la procalcitonina (PCT) y de los criterios definitorios de sepsis (síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica ­SRIS­ y del quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment ­qSOFA­) para predecir mortalidad a 30 días, o infección ­con confirmación microbiológica o bacteriemia verdadera (BV)­ en los pacientes que acuden al servicio de urgencias hospitalario (SUH) por un episodio de sospecha de infección. METODO: Estudio observacional de cohortes, multicéntrico, prospectivo. Se incluyó por oportunidad a pacientes 18 años atendidos por sospecha de infección en 71 SUH españoles desde el 01/10/2019 al 31/03/2020. Se analizó la capacidad predictiva con el área bajo la curva (ABC) de la característica operativa del receptor (COR) y puntos de decisión predeterminados. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 4.439 pacientes con edad media de 67 (18) años, 2.648 (59,7%) fueron hombres, fallecieron a los 30 días 459 (10,3%), se consideraron BV 899 (20,2%) y se consiguió confirmación microbiológica en 2.057 (46,3%). Para la mortalidad a 30 días la mejor ABC-COR fue la obtenida con el modelo qSOFA 2 más lactato 2 mmol/l con un ABC-COR de 0,738 (0,711-0,765). Para predecir BV y confirmación microbiológica el mejor rendimiento se obtuvo con el modelo de SRIS 2 más PCT 0,51 ng/ml, con un ABC-COR de 0,890 (0,880-0,901) y 0,713 (0,698-0,728), respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: Para la predicción de mortalidad a 30 días, el qSOFA 2 es superior al SRIS 2 y el mejor rendimiento lo consigue el modelo qSOFA 2 más lactato 2 mmol/l. Para predecir BV y confirmación microbiológica, la PCT es superior al lactato y el mejor rendimiento lo obtiene el modelo SRIS 2 más PCT 0,51 ng/ml.


Subject(s)
Bacteremia , Sepsis , Adolescent , Area Under Curve , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Emergency Service, Hospital , Female , Humans , Lactic Acid , Male , Procalcitonin , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Sepsis/diagnosis , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis
7.
Emergencias (Sant Vicenç dels Horts) ; 34(3): 181-189, Jun. 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-203721

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Evaluar y comparar la capacidad del lactato, la procalcitonina (PCT) y de los criterios definitorios de sepsis (síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica –SRIS– y del quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment –qSOFA–) para predecir mortalidad a 30 días, o infección –con confirmación microbiológica o bacteriemia verdadera (BV)– en los pa- cientes que acuden al servicio de urgencias hospitalario (SUH) por un episodio de sospecha de infección. Método. Estudio observacional de cohortes, multicéntrico, prospectivo. Se incluyó por oportunidad a pacientes $ 18 años atendidos por sospecha de infección en 71 SUH españoles desde el 01/10/2019 al 31/03/2020. Se analizó la capacidad predictiva con el área bajo la curva (ABC) de la característica operativa del receptor (COR) y puntos de de- cisión predeterminados. Resultados. Se incluyeron 4.439 pacientes con edad media de 67 (18) años, 2.648 (59,7%) fueron hombres, fallecie- ron a los 30 días 459 (10,3%), se consideraron BV 899 (20,2%) y se consiguió confirmación microbiológica en 2.057 (46,3%). Para la mortalidad a 30 días la mejor ABC-COR fue la obtenida con el modelo qSOFA $ 2 más lactato $ 2 mmol/l con un ABC-COR de 0,738 (0,711-0,765). Para predecir BV y confirmación microbiológica el mejor rendi- miento se obtuvo con el modelo de SRIS $ 2 más PCT $ 0,51 ng/ml, con un ABC-COR de 0,890 (0,880-0,901) y 0,713 (0,698-0,728), respectivamente. Conclusiones. Para la predicción de mortalidad a 30 días, el qSOFA $ 2 es superior al SRIS $ 2 y el mejor rendimien- to lo consigue el modelo qSOFA $ 2 más lactato $ 2 mmol/l. Para predecir BV y confirmación microbiológica, la PCT es superior al lactato y el mejor rendimiento lo obtiene el modelo SRIS $ 2 más PCT $ 0,51 ng/ml.


Objectives. To evaluate lactate, procalcitonin, criteria defining systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and the Quick Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) and compare their ability to predict 30-day mortality, infection with microbiologic confirmation, and true bacteremia in patients treated for infection in hospital emergency departments. Methods. Prospective multicenter observational cohort study. We enrolled a convenience sample of patients aged 18 years or older attended in 71 Spanish emergency departments from October 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020. Each model’s predictive power was analyzed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and predetermined decision points were assessed. Results. A total of 4439 patients with a mean (SD) age of 18 years were studied; 2648 (59.7%) were men and 459 (10.3%) died within 30 days. True bacteremia was detected in 899 (20.25%), and microbiologic confirmation was on record for 2057 (46.3%). The model that included the qSOFA score ($ 2) and lactate concentration ($ 0.738 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.711-0.765 mmol/L) proved to be the best predictor of 30-day mortality, with an AUC of 0.890 (95% CI, 0.880-0.901). The model that included the SIRS score ($ 2) and procalcitonin concentration ($ 0.51 ng/mL) proved to be the best predictor of true bacteremia and microbiologic confirmation, with an AUC of 0.713 (95% CI, 0.698-0.728). Conclusions. A qSOFA score of 2 or more plus lactate concentration ($ 0.738 mmol/L) predict 30-day mortality better than the combination of a SIRS score of 2 or more and procalcitonin concentration. A SIRS score of 2 or more plus procalcitonin concentration ($ 0.51 ng/mL) predict true bacteremia and microbiologic confirmation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Mortality , Emergency Medical Services , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome , Lactic Acid , Procalcitonin , Sepsis , Bacteremia , Infections , Prospective Studies , Spain
8.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 35(1): 50-62, feb.-mar. 2022. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-205309

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. Analizar y comparar el poder predictivo de mortalidad a 30 días de varios biomarcadores (proteína C reactiva, procalcitonina, lactato y suPAR) en los pacientes que acuden al servicio de urgencias (SU) por un episodio de infección. Y, secundariamente, si estos mejoran la capacidad pronóstica de los criterios de sepsis (síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica-SRIS- y del quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment –qSOFA-). Métodos. Estudio observacional, prospectivo y analítico. Se incluyó consecutivamente a pacientes atendidos en un SU por un proceso infeccioso. Se analizaron 32 variables independientes (epidemiológicas, de comorbilidad, funcionales, clínicas y analíticas) que pudieran influir en la mortalidad a corto plazo (30 días). Resultados. Se incluyó a 347 pacientes, de los que 54 (15,6%) habían fallecido a los 30 días tras su consulta en el SU. El suPAR es el biomarcador que consigue la mayor área bajo la curva (ABC)-ROC para predecir mortalidad a los 30 días de 0,836 [IC 95%: 0,765-0,907; p< 0,001] con sensibilidad de 53% y especificidad de 89%. El modelo combinado (suPAR > 10 ng/ml con qSOFA ≥ 2) mejora el ABC-ROC a 0,853 [IC 95%: 0,790-0,916; p<0,001] y ofrece el mejor rendimiento pronóstico con una sensibilidad de 39%, especificidad del 97% y un valor predictivo negativo de 90%. Conclusiones. En los pacientes que acuden al SU por un episodio de infección, suPAR presenta una capacidad pronóstica de mortalidad a los 30 días superior al resto de biomarcadores, la qSOFA obtiene mayor rendimiento que los criterios de SRIS, y el modelo combinado qSOFA ≥ 2 con suPAR > 10 ng/ mL mejora el poder predictivo de qSOFA. (AU)


Objectives. To analyse and compare 30-day mortality prognostic power of several biomarkers (C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, lactate and suPAR) in patients seen in emergency departments (ED) due to infections. Secondly, if these could improve the accuracy of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA). Methods. A prospective, observational and analytical study was carried out on patients who were treated in an ED of one of the eight participating hospitals. An assessment was made of 32 independent variables that could influence mortality at 30 days. They covered epidemiological, comorbidity, functional, clinical and analytical factors. Results. The study included 347 consecutive patients, 54 (15.6%) of whom died within 30 days of visiting the ED. SUPAR has got the best biomarker area under the curve (AUC)-ROC to predict mortality at 30 days of 0.836 (95% CI: 0.765-0.907; P < .001) with a cut-off > 10 ng/mL who had a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 86%. The score qSOFA ≥ 2 had AUC-ROC of 0.707 (95% CI: 0.621-0.793; P < .001) with sensitivity of 53% and a specificity of 89%. The mixed model (suPAR > 10 ng/mL plus qSOFA ≥ 2) has improved the AUC-ROC to 0.853 [95% CI: 0.790-0.916; P < .001] with the best prognostic performance: sensitivity of 39% and a specificity of 97% with a negative predictive value of 90%. Conclusions. suPAR showed better performance for 30- day mortality prognostic power from several biomarkers in the patients seen in ED due to infections. Score qSOFA has better performance that SRIS and the mixed model (qSOFA ≥ 2 plus suPAR > 10 ng/mL) increased the ability of qSOFA. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomarkers , Mortality , Prognosis , Plasminogen , Ambulatory Care , Prospective Studies , Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator , Sepsis
9.
Infection ; 50(1): 203-221, 2022 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34487306

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Design a risk model to predict bacteraemia in patients attended in emergency departments (ED) for an episode of infection. METHODS: This was a national, prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study of blood cultures (BC) collected from adult patients (≥ 18 years) attended in 71 Spanish EDs from October 1 2019 to March 31, 2020. Variables with a p value < 0.05 were introduced in the univariate analysis together with those of clinical significance. The final selection of variables for the scoring scale was made by logistic regression with selection by introduction. The results obtained were internally validated by dividing the sample in a derivation and a validation cohort. RESULTS: A total of 4,439 infectious episodes were included. Of these, 899 (20.25%) were considered as true bacteraemia. A predictive model for bacteraemia was defined with seven variables according to the Bacteraemia Prediction Model of the INFURG-SEMES group (MPB-INFURG-SEMES). The model achieved an area under the curve-receiver operating curve of 0.924 (CI 95%:0.914-0.934) in the derivation cohort, and 0.926 (CI 95%: 0.910-0.942) in the validation cohort. Patients were then split into ten risk categories, and had the following rates of risk: 0.2%(0 points), 0.4%(1 point), 0.9%(2 points), 1.8%(3 points), 4.7%(4 points), 19.1% (5 points), 39.1% (6 points), 56.8% (7 points), 71.1% (8 points), 82.7% (9 points) and 90.1% (10 points). Findings were similar in the validation cohort. The cut-off point of five points provided the best precision with a sensitivity of 95.94%, specificity of 76.28%, positive predictive value of 53.63% and negative predictive value of 98.50%. CONCLUSION: The MPB-INFURG-SEMES model may be useful for the stratification of risk of bacteraemia in adult patients with infection in EDs, together with clinical judgement and other variables independent of the process and the patient.


Subject(s)
Bacteremia , Emergency Medicine , Adult , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Blood Culture , Emergency Service, Hospital , Humans , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies
10.
J Gen Intern Med ; 36(12): 3737-3742, 2021 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34240284

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Social vulnerability is a known determinant of health in respiratory diseases. Our aim was to identify whether there are socio-demographic factors among COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Spain and their potential impact on health outcomes during the hospitalization. METHODS: A multicentric retrospective case series study based on administrative databases that included all COVID-19 cases admitted in 19 Spanish hospitals from 1 March to 15 April 2020. Socio-demographic data were collected. Outcomes were critical care admission and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: We included 10,110 COVID-19 patients admitted to 18 Spanish hospitals (median age 68 (IQR 54-80) years old; 44.5% female; 14.8% were not born in Spain). Among these, 779 (7.7%) cases were admitted to critical care units and 1678 (16.6%) patients died during the hospitalization. Age, male gender, being immigrant, and low hospital saturation were independently associated with being admitted to an intensive care unit. Age, male gender, being immigrant, percentile of average per capita income, and hospital experience were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Social determinants such as residence in low-income areas and being born in Latin American countries were associated with increased odds of being admitted to an intensive care unit and of in-hospital mortality. There was considerable variation in outcomes between different Spanish centers.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Hospital Mortality , Hospitalization , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , SARS-CoV-2 , Social Vulnerability
11.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33581861

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To validate a simple risk score to predict bacteremia (MPB5-Toledo) in patients seen in the emergency departments (ED) due to infections. METHODS: Prospective and multicenter observational cohort study of the blood cultures (BC) ordered in 74 Spanish ED for adults (aged 18 or older) seen from from October 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020. The predictive ability of the model was analyzed with the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). The prognostic performance for true bacteremia was calculated with the cut-off values chosen for getting the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. RESULTS: A total of 3.843 blood samples wered cultured. True cases of bacteremia were confirmed in 839 (21.83%). The remaining 3.004 cultures (78.17%) were negative. Among the negative, 172 (4.47%) were judged to be contaminated. Low risk for bacteremia was indicated by a score of 0 to 2 points, intermediate risk by 3 to 5 points, and high risk by 6 to 8 points. Bacteremia in these 3 risk groups was predicted for 1.5%, 16.8%, and 81.6%, respectively. The model's area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.930 (95% CI, 0.916-0.948). The prognostic performance with a model's cut-off value of ≥ 5 points achieved 94.76% (95% CI: 92.97-96.12) sensitivity, 81.56% (95% CI: 80.11-82.92) specificity, and negative predictive value of 98.24% (95% CI: 97.62-98.70). CONCLUSION: The 5MPB-Toledo score is useful for predicting bacteremia in patients attended in hospital emergency departments for infection.

15.
Emergencias (Sant Vicenç dels Horts) ; 32(2): 81-89, abr. 2020. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-188155

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Diseñar un modelo sencillo de riesgo para predecir bacteriemia en los pacientes atendidos por un episodio de infección en el servicio de urgencias hospitalario (SUH). Métodos: Estudio observacional, de cohortes retrospectivo, de todos los hemocultivos (SUH) extraídos en un SU en los pacientes adultos ($18 años) atendidos por infección desde el 1 de julio de 2018 hasta el 31 de marzo de 2019. Se analizaron 38 variables independientes (demográficas, comorbilidad, funcionales, clínicas y analíticas) que pudieran predecir la existencia de bacteriemia. Se realizó un estudio univariado y multivariable, mediante regresión logística, y después se construyó una escala de puntuación de riesgo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 2.181 episodios de HC extraídos. De ellos se consideraron como bacteriemias verdaderas 262 (12%) y como HC negativos 1.919 (88%). Entre los negativos, 1.755 (80,5%) no tuvieron crecimiento y 164 (7,5%) se consideraron contaminados. Se definió un modelo predictivo de bacteriemia con 5 variables (5MPB-Toledo). El modelo incluyó la temperatura > 38,3°C (1 punto), un índice de Charlson $ 3 (1 punto), la frecuencia respiratoria $ 22 respiraciones por minuto (1 punto), leucocitos > 12.000/mm3 (1 punto) y procalcitonina $ 0,51 ng/ml (4 puntos). Se categorizó a los pacientes en bajo (0-2 puntos), moderado (3-5 puntos) y alto (6-8 puntos) riesgo, con una probabilidad de bacteriemia de 1,1%, 10,5% y 77%, respectivamente. El ABC-COR del modelo tras remuestreo fue de 0,946 (IC 95%: 0,922-0,969). Conclusiones: El Modelo 5MPB-Toledo podría ser de utilidad para predecir bacteriemia en los pacientes atendidos por un episodio de infección en el SUH


Objectives: To develop a simple risk score to predict bacteremia in patients in our hospital emergency department for infection. Methods: Retrospective observational short study of all blood cultures ordered in the emergency department for adults (aged 18 or older) from July 1, 2018, to March 31, 2019. We gathered data on 38 independent variables (demographic, comorbidity, functional status, and laboratory findings) that might predict bacteremia. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to the data and a risk scale was developed. Results: A total of 2181 blood samples were cultured. True cases of bacteremia were confirmed in 262 (12%). The remaining 1919 cultures (88%) were negative. No growth was observed in 1755 (80.5%) of the negative cultures, and 164 (7.5%) were judged to be contaminated. The 5MPB-Toledo model identified 5 predictors of bacteremia: temperature higher than 38.3°C (1 point), a Charlson comorbidity index of 3 or more (1 point), respiratory frequency of at least 22 breaths/min (1 point), leukocyte count greater than 12 000/mm3 (1 point), and procalcitonin concentration of 0.51 ng/mL or higher (4 points). Low risk for bacteremia was indicated by a score of 0 to 2 points, intermediate risk by 3 to 5 points, and high risk by 6 to 8 points. Bacteremia in these 3 risk groups was predicted for 1.1%, 10.5%, and 77%, respectively. The model's area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.946 (95% CI, 0.922-0.969). Conclusion: The 5MPB-Toledo score could be useful for predicting bacteremia in patients attended in hospital emergency departments for infection


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Infections/epidemiology , Emergency Medical Services , Cohort Studies , Prognosis , Risk Assessment/methods , Predictive Value of Tests , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Blood Culture/methods , Logistic Models , Bacteria/isolation & purification , 28599
16.
Emergencias ; 32(2): 81-89, 2020.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32125106

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To develop a simple risk score to predict bacteremia in patients in our hospital emergency department for infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective observational cohort study of all blood cultures ordered in the emergency department for adults (aged 18 or older) from July 1, 2018, to March 31, 2019. We gathered data on 38 independent variables (demographic, comorbidity, functional status, and laboratory findings) that might predict bacteremia. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to the data and a risk scale was developed. RESULTS: A total of 2181 blood samples were cultured. True cases of bacteremia were confirmed in 262 (12%). The remaining 1919 cultures (88%) were negative. No growth was observed in 1755 (80.5%) of the negative cultures, and 164 (7.5%) were judged to be contaminated. The 5MPB-Toledo model identified 5 predictors of bacteremia: temperature higher than 38.3°C (1 point), a Charlson comorbidity index of 3 or more (1 point), respiratory frequency of at least 22 breaths/min (1 point), leukocyte count greater than 12 000/mm3 (1 point), and procalcitonin concentration of 0.51 ng/mL or higher (4 points). Low risk for bacteremia was indicated by a score of 0 to 2 points, intermediate risk by 3 to 5 points, and high risk by 6 to 8 points. Bacteremia in these 3 risk groups was predicted for 1.1%, 10.5%, and 77%, respectively. The model's area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.946 (95% CI, 0.922-0.969). CONCLUSION: The 5MPB-Toledo score could be useful for predicting bacteremia in patients attended in hospital emergency departments for infection.


OBJETIVO: Diseñar un modelo sencillo de riesgo para predecir bacteriemia en los pacientes atendidos por un episodio de infección en el servicio de urgencias hospitalario (SUH). METODO: Estudio observacional, de cohortes retrospectivo, de todos los hemocultivos (HC) extraídos en un SUH en los pacientes adultos ($ 18 años) atendidos por infección desde el 1 de julio de 2018 hasta el 31 de marzo de 2019. Se analizaron 38 variables independientes (demográficas, comorbilidad, funcionales, clínicas y analíticas) que pudieran predecir la existencia de bacteriemia. Se realizó un estudio univariado y multivariable, mediante regresión logística, y después se construyó una escala de puntuación de riesgo. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 2.181 episodios de HC extraídos. De ellos se consideraron como bacteriemias verdaderas 262 (12%) y como HC negativos 1.919 (88%). Entre los negativos, 1.755 (80,5%) no tuvieron crecimiento y 164 (7,5%) se consideraron contaminados. Se definió un modelo predictivo de bacteriemia con 5 variables (5MPBToledo). El modelo incluyó la temperatura > 38,3°C (1 punto), un índice de Charlson $ 3 (1 punto), la frecuencia respiratoria $ 22 respiraciones por minuto (1 punto), leucocitos > 12.000/mm3 (1 punto) y procalcitonina $ 0,51 ng/ ml (4 puntos). Se categorizó a los pacientes en bajo (0-2 puntos), moderado (3-5 puntos) y alto (6-8 puntos) riesgo, con una probabilidad de bacteriemia de 1,1%, 10,5% y 77%, respectivamente. El ABC-COR del modelo tras remuestreo fue de 0,946 (IC 95%: 0,922-0,969). CONCLUSIONES: El Modelo 5MPB-Toledo podría ser de utilidad para predecir bacteriemia en los pacientes atendidos por un episodio de infección en los SUH.


Subject(s)
Bacteremia , Adult , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Blood Culture , Emergency Service, Hospital , Humans , Procalcitonin , Retrospective Studies
19.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 31(2): 186-202, abr. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-174522

ABSTRACT

La incidencia de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) oscila entre 2-15 casos/1.000 habitantes/año, siendo más elevada en los mayores de 65 años o en pacientes con co-morbilidades. En los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios (SUH) supone hasta el 1,35% de las atenciones. Aproximadamente el 75% de todas las NAC diagnosticadas son atendidas en los SUH. La NAC representa el origen de la mayoría de sepsis y shock sépticos diagnosticados en los SUH, la principal causa de muerte y de ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) por enfermedad infecciosa. Se le atribuye una mortalidad global del 10-14% según la edad y factores de riesgo asociados. El 40-60% de las NAC requerirán ingreso hospitalario, incluyendo las áreas de observación (con rangos muy variables del 22-65% según centros, época del año y características de los pacientes), y de ellos entre el 2-10% será en la UCI. De todo lo dicho se traduce la importancia que tiene la NAC en los SUH, y también del "impacto de la atención en urgencias sobre el enfermo con NAC", al ser el dispositivo donde se toman las decisiones iniciales, pero fundamentales, para la evolución del proceso. Es conocida la gran variabilidad entre los clínicos en el manejo de los aspectos diagnóstico-terapéuticos en la NAC, lo que constituye una de las razones que explican las grandes diferencias en las tasas de ingreso, de consecución del diagnóstico microbiológico, solicitud de estudios complementarios, la elección de la pauta antimicrobiana o la diversidad de cuidados aplicados. En este sentido, la implementación de las guías de práctica clínica con el uso de las escalas pronósticas de gravedad y las nuevas herramientas disponibles en los SUH como lo son los biomarcadores pueden mejorar la atención del paciente con NAC en los SUH. Por ello, a partir de un grupo multidisciplinar de profesionales de urgencias y especialistas que participan en el proceso asistencial de la NAC, se ha diseñado esta guía clínica con diversas recomendaciones para las decisiones y momentos clave en proceso de atención del paciente con NAC en Urgencias


The incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) ranges from 2-15 cases / 1,000 inhabitants / year, being higher in those older than 65 years and in patients with high co-morbidity. Around 75% of all CAP diagnosed are treated in the Emergency Department (ED). The CAP represents the main cause for sepsis and septic shock in ED, and the most frequent cause of death and admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) due to infectious disease. Overall mortality is 10-14% according to age and associated risk factors. Forty to 60% of CAP will require hospital admission, including observation units (with very variable ranges from 22-65% according to centers, seasonal of the year and patients' characteristics). Between the admissions, 2-10% will be in the ICU. All of previously mentioned reflects the importance of the CAP in the ED, as well as the "impact of the emergency care on the patient with CAP", as it is the establishment where the initial, but key decisions, are made and could condition the outcome of the illness. It is known the great variability among physicians in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of CAP, which is one of the reasons that explains the great differences in the admission rates, achievement of the microbiological diagnosis, request for complementary studies, the choice of antimicrobial treatment, or the diversity of applied care. In this sense, the implementation of clinical practice guidelines with the use of the severity scores and the new tools available, such as biomarkers, can improve patient care with CAP in ED. Therefore, a multidisciplinary group of emergency professionals and specialists involved in the care process of CAP has designed a guideline with several recommendations for decisions-making during the key moments in patients with CAP attended in the ED


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Community-Acquired Infections/therapy , Emergency Medical Services/standards , Emergency Service, Hospital/standards , Pneumonia/therapy , Prognosis , Consensus Development Conferences as Topic , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Community-Acquired Infections/etiology , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Guidelines as Topic , Hospital Mortality , Hospitalization , Pneumonia/etiology , Pneumonia/microbiology
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